Art. 28. That a well regulated Militia
is the proper and natural defence of a
free Government.
Art. 29. That standing Armies are
dangerous to liberty, and ought not to
be raised, or kept up, without the consent
of the Legislature.
Art. 30. That in all cases, and at all
times, the military ought to be under
strict subordination to, and control of,
the civil power.
Art. 31. That no soldier shall, in time
of peace, be quartered in any house,
without the consent of the owner, nor in
time of war, except in the manner pre-
scribed by Law.
Art. 32. That no person except regu-
lar soldiers, marines, and mariners in the
service of this State, or militia, when in
actual service, ought, in any case, to be
subject to, or punishable by Martial
Law.
Art. 33. That the independency and
uprightness of Judges are essential to the
impartial administration of Justice, and
a great security to the rights and liber-
ties of the People: Wherefore, the
Judges shall not be removed, except in
the manner, and for the causes, provided
in this Constitution. No Judge shall
hold any other office, civil or military,
or political trust, or employment of any
kind, whatsoever, under the Constitu-
tion or Laws of this State, or of the
United States, or any of them; or re-
ceive fees, or perquisites of any kind, for
the discharge of his official duties.
Art. 34. That a long continuance in
the Executive Departments of power or
trust is dangerous to liberty; a rotation
therefore, in those Departments is one
of the best securities of permanent free-
dom.
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Art. 35. That no person shall hold, at
the same time, more than one office of
profit, created by the Constitution or
Laws of this State; nor shall any person
in public trust receive any present from
any foreign Prince or State, or from the
United States, or any of them, without
the approbation of this State.
Art. 36. That as it is the duty of
every man to worship God in such man-
ner as he thinks most acceptable to Him,
all persons are equally entitled to protec-
tion in their religious liberty; wherefore,
no person ought, by any Law to be
molested in his person or estate, on ac-
count of his religious persuasion, or pro-
fession, or for his religious practice, un-
less, under the color of religion, he shall
disturb the good order, peace or safety
of the State, or shall infringe the laws
of morality, or injure others in their nat-
ural, civil or religious rights; nor ought
any person to be compelled to frequent,
or maintain, or contribute, unless on
contract, to maintain, any place of wor-
ship, or any ministry; nor shall any per-
son, otherwise competent, be deemed
incompetent as a witness, or juror, on
account of his religious belief; provided,
he believes in the existence of God, and
that under His dispensation such person
will be held morally accountable for his
acts, and be rewarded or punished there-
for either in this world or the world to
come.
Art. 37. That no religious test ought
ever to be required as a qualification
for any office of profit or trust in this
State, other than a declaration of belief
in the existence of God; nor shall the
Legislature prescribe any other oath of
office than the oath prescribed by this
Constitution.
Art. 38. That every gift, sale or de-
vise of land, to any Minister, Public
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