THE UNITED STATES.

xiii

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by secur-
ring for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive
right to their respective writings and discoveries ;
To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the
high seas and offences against the law of nations ;

Promote
arts and
sciences.

Inferior
courts.
Piracies, &c.

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and
make rules concerning captures on land or water;
To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money
to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ;
To provide and maintain a navy;

Declare
war and
make cap-
tures.

Raise
armies.

Navy.

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land
and naval forces ;

Rules and
articles of
war.

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of
the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions ;

Call out
militia.

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the mili-
tia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in
the service of the United States, reserving to the states respec-

Organize
and govern
militia.

tively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of
training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by
congress ;

Officers
militia.

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever,
over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by
cession of particular states, and the acceptance of congress,
become the seat of the government of the United States, and to

Exclusive
legislation
over seat of
government

exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent
of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for
the Erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other
needful buildings ; and

And over
forts, arse-
nals, docks,
&c.

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for
carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other
powers vested by this constitution in the government of the
United States, or in any department or office thereof.

To make
general
laws to
carry pow-
ers into
effect.

SEC. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any
of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not
be prohibited by the congress prior to the year eighteen hun-
dred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such
importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.

Importation
of slaves
allowed till
1808.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus-
pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public
safety may require it.

Habeas
corpus.

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless in
proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed
to be taken.

Attainder
and ex post
facto laws.
Direct
taxes.

No tax or duty shall bo laid on articles exported from any
state.

No exporta-
tion duty.