4/Matyland Manual

becoming a gateway airport for the United States,
as well as serving the air transportation needs of the
region.

Martin State Airport is the largest general aviation
facility on the East Coast. Handling primarily pri-
vate and corporate aircraft, Martin is also the main
base for Maryland's two air National Guard Squad-
rons; the Maryland State Police Aviation Division
(MED-EVAC); and the Baltimore County Police
Marine Division.

STATE RAILROADS

The State currently runs three commuter and five
freight lines. Commuter lines include two Balti-
more-Washington lines and one Brunswick-Wash-
ington line. Freight lines include four on Maryland's
Eastern Shore and one through Frederick and Car-
roll counties. The five Class I railroads presently
operating in Maryland cover almost 1, 000 route
miles.

EDUCATION

Public School Enrollment (1987-88): 683, 797 stu-
dents in 747 elementary schools, 209 middle/com-
bined schools, and 234 high schools. Average cost
(1986-87) per pupil including transportation:
$4, 301. Public high school graduates (1987):
46, 107; those intending to continue their educa-
tion: 68. 3%. Nonpublic School Enrollment (1987):
134, 165 students in 860 schools.

Maryland's estimated average salary for public
school teachers is $28, 893, a 7. 81% increase from
the 1985-86 school year, compared to a national
average of $26, 551.

Higher Education: A three-part system of public
higher education consists of 19 community col-
leges; 2 four-year colleges and universities;, and 11
campuses of the University of Maryland System.
Among independent postsecondary institutions are
4 two-year colleges; 20 four-year colleges and uni-
versities; and approximately 206 proprietary
schools. The U. S. Naval Academy in Annapolis is a
federal institution.

LIBRARIES, 1985

Twenty-four public library systems include 199
public libraries and 26 bookmobiles, with total
collections of 11, 576, 694 items. School library
media centers are located in 1, 220 elementary, mid-
dle and secondary schools, with total collections of
nearly 13 million items. The Maryland State Library
Network serves over 400 libraries throughout the

State primarily through interlibrary loan. The Net-
work is composed of the State Library Resource
Center (Enoch Pratt Free Library, Central Build-
ing); three Regional Library Resource Centers,
(Eastern Shore, Southern Maryland, Western
Maryland); six Referral Centers (Anne Arundel,
Baltimore, Harford, Howard, Montgomery, and
Prince George's counties); and academic libraries,
including Catonsville and Essex Community Col-
leges, The Johns Hopkins University Libraries,
Towson State University and Libraries of the Uni-
versity of Maryland. Every Maryland library is eligi-
ble to participate in the State Library Network.

MEDICAL CARE, 1987
Personnel licensed to practice in the State: 32, 908
physicians; 39, 000 registered nurses; 11, 000 prac-
tical nurses; 5, 889 dentists; 2, 496 dental hygien-
ists. Licensed facilities: 86 hospitals; 212 nursing
homes (comprehensive care); 25 alcoholic interme-
diate care facilities, 60 domiciliary care homes; 8
residential treatment centers for emotionally dis-
turbed youth; 11 mental retardation centers; 2
extended care facilities; and 16 adult day care cen-
ters.

Maryland medical institutions have long been rec-
ognized as vital contributors to medical research
and discovery since the College of Medicine (now
part of the University of Maryland System) was
chartered in 1807 and pioneered in preventive med-
icine. As early as 1853, a researcher at that institu-
tion advanced the diagnosis of cancer by identifying
malignant cells with a microscope. The Johns Hop-
kins Hospital, founded in 1889, has revolutionized
medical education. Physicians there opened the first
school of public health; standardized surgical tech-
niques for specific procedures; initiated the use of
rubber gloves and nerve-blocking anesthesia; dis-
covered vitamins A, B, and D; and, more recently,
catalogued genetic traits. University Hospital in
Baltimore opened the nations's first shock trauma
unit in 1961.

The National Institutes of Health in Bethesda carry
on this innovative research tradition, as does the
National Cancer Institute's Laboratory of Tumor
Cell Biology in Bethesda where trailblazing AIDS
research is underway

Maryland also was the site of the first institution of
dental education in the world, the Baltimore Col-
lege of Dental Surgery, which opened in Baltimore
in 1840.