BINNEY'S CASE. 161

as it is called, has for its appendage the famous Wet Docks of
Liverpool. This navigation is formed by inclosing and straight-
ening a portion of the river itself for a considerable distance above
Liverpool, like a proper canal, and is a still water navigation.
The Bridgewater and several other of the principal canals, from the
interior, are connected with this canal. The Leeds and Liverpool
canal passes several of the principal manufacturing towns, and
with others crosses England entirely in several directions. This
canal terminates at Liverpool, and the canal boats deliver their
cargoes of coal there, on a steep hill-side, so that it slides down
into a yard on the water side of the harbour, (y)

The Lancaster canal is seventy-five miles in length, and the
greater portion of its northern part skirts along near the sea-coast.
Its objects are the interchange of the lime-stone of the northern
parts for the coal of the southern, the supply of Lancaster, Preston,
&c.; and yet those ports are accessible from the sea. This canal
has an opening to the sea by a short cut near Lancaster. The
Edinburg and Glasgow canal passes entirely across Scotland.
This canal begins at Lieth in the port of Edinburg and ends in
the tide-way of the Clyde in the town of Glasgow. It is also con-
nected, by means of the Markland canal, with the Forth and Clyde
canal, which has a convenient port at each of its terminations; and
it is besides connected with the Saltcoats canal which terminates on
the sea-coast to the south of the Clyde, where a secure basin has
been constructed for the reception of ships and canal boats. At the
port of Armyn, on the tide of the river Ouse, a branch of the Hum-
ber, the Ayre and Calder navigation terminates; where the canal
boats from Liverpool, or the interior meet sea vessels of one hundred
and fifty tons burthen. The tide flows in the river Thames to Rich-
mond, a distance of sixteen miles above London, and affords per-
fectly safe navigation for small vessels; yet the Grand Junction
canal, which is connected with the principal canals of the interior,
passes down near this tide navigation, and terminates at Padding-
ton, immediately contiguous to London, where, for its connexion
with the river it pays an annual tribute to the city. Had it been
practicable to obtain, by any reasonable means, an adequate sup-
ply of water, this Grand Junction canal would have been extended
through the city itself into the London docks at Wapping. (z)

From this review of the canals of Great Britain it appears, that

(y) Rees' Cyclo. art. Canal.—(z) Rees' Cyclo. art. Canal.